Advantages of a Web Presence

Advantages and disadvantages of a Web Presence The World Wide Web is a World Wide Market. It is a new way of selling. More and more customers expect to find your product news and specifications on the web. But even on the Net, you have to advertise your product. Using Internet as a media to advertise your product is different from traditional media. Through Internet companies can be present all over the world. Using the web as an advertising tool is the cheapest way to be discovered at every time. You can also quickly change your promotional campaign, in order to gain attention that may lead the consumer to the product. Online services become so popular because they provide two major benefits to potential buyers: Convenience: Customers can order products 24 hours a day wherever they are. They don't have to sit in traffic, find a parking space, and walk through countless aisles to find and examine goods. And they don't have to drive all the way to a store, only to find out that the desired product is out of stock. Information: Customers can find reams of comparative information about companies, products, and competitors without leaving their office or home. They can focus on objective criteria such as prices, quality, performance, and availability. Customers can expect the advantage to pull the information, to be drained into detailed catalog or other information about products and services for sale that they are looking for. They do not feel forced, they are looking for the information by themselves. Nevertheless it seems that Web advertising is much more price than image oriented. Web advertising does not seem the appropriate way to advert a product. According to BMRB International (annex 1) 37% of UK Net shoppers are not ready to purchase off-line They always fear to give their account number to a company they do not know. Today a well-known brand is a real competitive advantage. BRMB International has shown that 16% of purchases has done thanks to an implicit trust of established brands. Nevertheless it does not mean that it will stay an advantage in the future. Moreover the difference with more traditional media is that customers come to you and not you to the customers. You cannot retain their attention if they feel that it does not worth it. When you wish to expand your market share trough Internet, you have to consider the specificity of your target audience. At the present time people who buy through Internet are young, daily users of computers. But there are not only people used to Internet. Because e-business is growing up (annex 2), we can assume that most people have no experience in e-business. The audience can be both good Internet users and beginners. Dealing with communication interaction Security The World Wide Web is the fastest growing part of the Internet. Increasingly, it is also the part of the Internet that is the most vulnerable to attack. For users, a secure web server is one that will safeguard any personal information (bank account number) that is received or collected. It is one that supports their privacy and will not subvert browser to download viruses or other rogue programs onto their computer For a company, a secure web server is resistant to a determined attack over the Internet or from corporate insiders. In order to increase security, you can use a system for automatically encrypting information as it is sent over the Internet and decrypting it before it is used. One of Netscape Communication's early innovations was its SSL. You can also use firewalls, which is a device that isolates an organization's internal network from the Internet at large, allowing specific connections to pass and blocking others. Marketing / Communication It is really important to get people inform of the existence of your web site. You will have to shout it from the roof tops! You can use your letterhead, your cards or your leaflets to write your web address. You can also through a TV or board advertising campaign let people know about your site existence. As Jim Sterne says: your web site can be funny, pretty, useful, crisp and clean, but if you don't promote it, its message won't be seen. By the way you can also manage to register different key words on browsers in order to put make know your web site when people look for information in your business area. Deliveries and Payment If you use e-commerce on your website, once the buyer has searched through a catalog and made his decision to purchase, the order, the payment, the handle fulfillment and other aspects of order management have to be processed. The order processing must include the ability to group items together for later purchase; this capability is called a shopping cart in the case of retail transactions; it usually includes the ability to modify the contents of the shopping cart at any time. This way the buyer can discard items, add new ones, change the quantities and so on. To the purchase, the buyer will have additional charges such as sales taxes and shipping costs. The order processing system presents the buyer with an itemized order form including all the charges so the buyer can pay for the items. Information effect With the Internet, it is now possible to obtain accurate and immediate feedback from your customers (A daemon can count the number of hits). With access to this information, your business will be able to add the most personalized value to the customer. Tool such as the World Wide Web helps you to build more of your business decision-making based on outside information, and find out more about your non-customers and what non-customers and what they are doing, and why they are not customers. Fiscal and legal implications Internet is still largely unregulated. Because Internet is global (no territorial limits), electronic (no writing) and digital (perfect copies can be made almost instantaneously and repetitively), it is a source of different problems. The state of California tries to regulate e-business in California (annex 3). It seems very complex to set up a world wide regulation and, at the present time nobody knows what to do if something going wrong in the cyberspace. Concerning taxation, applying existing tax rules and system to the Internet world is tempting but does not answer to the needs of this marketplace. One key aspect to resolving the taxation issue of Internet commerce is to keep tax policies universal, uniform, and neutral. Resources needed to maintain the Site Obviously, resources need to maintain a web site is going to depend on the size of the web site. Whatever the size you firstly need to ask you few questions such as: Will this solution be flexible enough to accommodate change? Do we have the technical competencies to support Internet initiatives? Is this solution customizable to our needs and our customer needs? Do we have the technological infrastructure (network services; hardware, software) required to develop and scale? Do we have sufficient funding for ongoing web site maintenance? Do we have operations capabilities to support our Internet strategy? Web creation There are two different ways to create a web site. You can do it yourself or ask an agency to manage the creation of your web site. If you decide to create yourself your web site, you will need special coding software. But if you decide to delegate the creation to an agency, it might cost you around $750 for a basic web site (annex 4). Web maintenance However you must also take into consideration the maintenance. When you have created your web site, you must care to make it alive. You need to care about your human resources skills According to the Business Marketing Web Consortium the following roles should be filled:  · A Web Editor. Depending on the size of the site, this could be a part-time or a full-time person. The Web editor is responsible for content for a site.  · A Web Master, responsible for the infrastructure and technology supporting the website. Making sure that links link, and the site performs  · An Infomaster responsible for timely response to inquiries  · An overall Technology Leader, defining corporate standards and resources required Poor maintenance can severely damage a company's image Site Design and Structure As we have pointed out since the beginning, e-business is a new way of selling. When a potential customer gets connected to your site, you have not sell anything yet. There are different ways to attract customers to your product. Firstly, you need to care about your web design. It means that you should not forget that if there are too many pictures or electronic animations, download is going to take a while. If your site require downloading applications, they should downloaded in twenty seconds or less. Users of Internet expect fast and functional site (avoid horizontal scrolling). Web sites must be customers oriented rather than product oriented. Information value is much more important than glizz. Customers stay loyal because of the service, not because they like your web site. Simplicity and speed differentiate your site, making it easy for business customers to order. Secondly, Web marketers must ask if their markets are comfortable with English. Global marketers recommend adding local languages when needed. Thirdly, in order to maintain interest in your site, you have to make it interactive. Internet is both a business and communication tool, you must provide to users a page where you give relevant information on your product but also on your industry area. It is recommended to let customers express their feelings through email. But you do not do it only for the fun, your site must be professional (ie: updated, fast answers), that is why you have to deal with your e-customers as you are used to do with your offline customers. In order to support the design of your future web site, we would like to present this tree structure. There will be 7 theoretical pages linked together.

Long and Short Term Goals Paper Essay

I picked this theme for my first essay because it goes in tune with why we are all pursuing our education. I believe that everyone that what’s to feel accomplishment in live needs to have a short and long term goals. It is our driving force of what we want to become and where we want to be in any given point of our life and careers. We cannot just go through the motion of doing something, because we will never achieve what we want or who we want to become. We have to map out our goals in life, no matter what they are. My specific goal (both short and long term) is to obtain my BBA. Although for most it might not be that much since more and more professionals have at least two BBA’s and a Master degree, for me this is what I have always wanted. There have been too many detours in my life that have kept me from obtaining my BBA. I have made this what I want for my own self satisfaction. This is my holy grail until I graduate from University of Phoenix within the next two years. I have set my time for my assignments and study time in order to obtain my BBA. At least 4 or 5 times during the week I will go over my assignments so that I understand each subject correctly and it also helps me prepare for any upcoming tests. I have made my family part of my goal so that they understand how important this is to me and why I need to have my time to study and read. For this goal to come true, I have identified a space in my home where I can concentrate and do my assignments without any interruptions. I believe that everyone should have a private area where they can retreat work on whatever project they have with as little interruptions as possible. Since part of my long term goal is to graduate with a GPA of 4.00, it is  important to be able to maintain my dedication to my schedule and not deviate from it. I have to maintain my focus on this objective and try to do my best. I also want to continue my education towards my Master’s degree. If I keep to my action plan and keep this objective in mind, I know that I will achieve all my goals. You have to identify your objective, map out your goal and then go for it with all your dedication and will and never look back. Everything is possible in life if you keep at it and never give in to the easy things in life. Anything worth having will always be the most difficult to obtain.

Essay Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Essay 2 - Assignment Example When parents decide to have a child through surrogacy, they are the ones who benefit since they feel that they are satisfied with the decision they make. If the decision is because of a genetic defect in the parents, then she argues that surrogacy is not a solution because the child would still develop the complication since it is in the genes of the parents. It is also difficult to totally decide the kind of child to bear hence we should learn to incorporate all kinds of children and help them accept their situations. The society at large should also discourage commercial surrogacy for reasons posed by parents that there is improper allocation of jobs for disabled. Since some parents consider surrogacy for fear of delivering disabled children, the governments should create slots for employment of such people in the society. This can help such mothers to know that any child borne has a role to play despite his or physical appearance (Anderson, 1997). In his article, Buchanan argues that most human body alterations through biotechnological means have negative effects on the clients that try them. He says that these alterations may either terminate the human nature or make it almost difficult to differentiate between a good and a bad looking person since such judgements are normally done according to natural appearance. These conclusions are just interrelated in a way with the second supporting the first one which is against human enhancements. Although most biotechnological enhancements techniques have been made available, there is still no clarity as to whether these techniques are best solutions for the public. These scientists only talk about how the procedures are possible, they evade to give further advice n such procedures, maybe for commercial purposes. Therefore the public should take it an obligatory role to weigh the shortcomings by considering whether they will still be attractive in their enhanced looks in the future. It might even be true that

How is the conflict between good and evil portrayed in beowulf Essay

How is the conflict between good and evil portrayed in beowulf - Essay Example Beowulf, the mythical epic hero, symbolizes the good and the righteous in the society. He is depicted as a selfless being that is willing to fight a monster and help the other members of the society overcome the forces of darkness. This is clearly seen when Beowulf travel miles to Danes, another country in order to help the King of the country and his subjects to fight against a monster known as Grendel who is ambushing and mauling the people. However, Beowulf died while fighting the monster dragon in an attempt to save the people from its evil and vengeance. By risking his own life, to protect humans from the evil monster, Beowulf symbolizes the Biblical Jesus, ‘the prince of goodness’, who died to save the oppressed (Hieatt 34). On the other hand, Grendel and his mother are the two main monsters representing evil in the society. The two monsters are depicted as the descendants of the biblical Cain who was cursed by God after he killed his brother Abel (line 121). Grendel was described vividly as a vicious monster that was an offspring of everything evil. He is the villain who ambushes and kills innocent people for fun. Grendel was on a daily basis struggle to destroy everything around him while Beowulf tried to do good all the time. Beowulf therefore is portrayed as God (good) and Grendel was Cain (evil). The poet actually based his work from the biblical creation story. Grendel symbolizes evil just like the biblical Cain who was shunned by God after he killed brother. Beowulf had the same feeling of hatred for Grendel. God totally refused to grant Grendel forgiveness but favored Beowulf pride at the expense of Grendel’s sins. In the battle, God granted Beowulf overwhelming victory. The ruler of heaven and earth thus brought about a right issue when once more he stood up victorious and with ease. Throughout this poem the Christian symbolizes the element of good and evil as well as heaven and

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights Essay

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights with regards to the AIDS epidemic in subsaharan Africa - Essay Example The CHR's request was based on the Secretary General's statement during the 51st session of the UN in which he stated: of the complex relationship between the public health rationale and the human rights rationale of HIV/AIDS. In particular, Governments could benefit from guidelines that outline clearly how human rights standards apply in the area of HIV/AIDS and indicate concrete and specific measures, both in terms of legislation and practice, that should be undertaken (Para. 135) In order to meet this objective the Second Annual International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights under the leadership of United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS along with their cosponsors (hereafter, UNAIDS)2 was held in Geneva from 23 to 25 September of 1996 to finalise guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Secondly, the members upon acceptance of the final form of the guidelines set out recommendations to ensure the guidelines are disseminated and implemented by all UN intergovernmental bodies, nations and non-government agencies. The basic human rights guiding principles as established by the UN with regard to HIV/AID are contained in Appendix A on page 26. Several of the principles are of specific interest with regard to the current research topic. One of these guiding principles is the 'Right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications.' In this principle the UN recognises that every person regardless of where they live is entitled to quality health care, current treatment methods, preventative supplies, counselling and testing. They further acknowledged that third world and emerging nations do not necessarily have the means, resources and funding necessary to accomplish this. To that end, they spell out the need to supply within countries and between nations the fundamental supplies and resources for this to occur. This is further emphasised in principle 14 which more expressly states that "International support, from both the public and private sectors, for developing countries for

Christianity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Christianity - Coursework Example Paul met Peter and James, a brother of Jesus. Paul was not acquainted with the other apostles. The main differences in Paul's ideas were the following: he did not mention anything about Miracles, Parables, Birth, Mary and Joseph, the Lord's Prayer, etc. Paul did not draw parallels between relations of a man to God's son. Graham Stanton, Professor of New Testament Studies in the University of London, explains Paul's failure as a failure of Jesus' teachings misinterpretation. He says: "Paul's failure to refer more frequently to the actions and teaching of Jesus is 'baffling'" (â€Å"What did Paul know about Jesus?† n.d.) 2.Explain the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Eastern Orthodox Catholics and Roman Catholics have experienced a serious split which is known as the East-West Schism (or Great Schism) of 1054. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, as Holy Roman Emperor in 800. The Byzantine Empire was undermined in this case. Barba rian invasions intimidated destruction of the Empire. The Eastern Church became the Greek Orthodox Church and it created different types of ties with Rome and the Roman Catholic Church (â€Å"The split,† n.d.). ... 3.What issues did each of the Protestant Reformers (Luther, Calvin, the English Reformers) have with the Roman Catholic Church? Be specific. Martin Luther proclaimed his 95 propositions against the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and he denied this false teaching. Luther undermined a strong position of the Pope. The Protestant Reformation began and there was a need to reform and return biblical doctrines. Luther initiated four major divisions of Protestantism such as Lutheran, Reformed, Anabaptist, and Anglican. Godly men in different countries had a perfect opportunity to restore churches and find out there some biblical roots (â€Å"What was the Protestant Reformation?† n.d.). John Calvin was another remarkable reformer and he participated in the Protestant Reformation. Calvin’s argument against his Catholic opponents was well-known all over the world. His movement and initiation to renovate biblical ideas and principles were the most important factors for furt her development of the Protestant movement. There are also representatives of the English Reformation, such as the English King Henry VIII, who separated from the English church and made a division between this church and the Roman Catholic Church. This split means another serious separation because the Roman Catholic Church was against English King Henry VIII’s marriage to another girl. 4.There is a wide variation in Christianity as it is currently practiced. Identify and explain at least three points of difference among Christian groups. There are many interesting modern subgroups in Christianity. The Amish are an American Protestant group that consists of 200,000 members who are rooted in the European Anabaptists originated from the USA and escaped

BME0006 Emerging and Alternative Financial Markets Essay

BME0006 Emerging and Alternative Financial Markets - Essay Example Firstly, it should give a first priority to the needs of the consumer. It has to ensure that the consumers are provided with the best services in a given market as they necessarily dictate the success of every business organization (McVea, 2002, p.6). The mechanism should also ensure high degree of integrity and accountability. Some of the events that are witnessed in the economic study are those that follow certain cycles and need to be studied chronologically so that their adverse effects are not felt repeatedly. Others may not follow any definite patterns and corrective procedures need to be adopted whenever such events are recorded. The regulatory measures that are to be adopted in the financial services should be those that respond differently to each of the emerging situations as per the specific requirements of the situation (Consumer Focus, 2010, p.4). The regulatory approach that is to be adopted after a given financial crisis should be different from the previous approaches and it depends on the current situations that are experienced. A good regulatory procedure on financial services thus responds to the prevailing financial crisis and mitigates the occurrence of future crises (Consumer Focus, 2010, p.2).It should be aimed at developing a competitive market that attracts more investors and focuses solely on the needs of the customers. The anticipated market should be that which allows for the invention innovation by the investing organizations. There are various financial regulatory bodies in the United Kingdom. The main regulatory body is the Financial Services Authority and which provides various regulatory provisions (Great Britain, 2005, p.37; Jaffer, 2005, p.134). The problem that arises is then how to collect the divergent views of the regulatory agencies ad channel them towards the same statutory objective (Consumer Focus, 2010, p.5). The UK Financial Services has had various developments that are geared towards the regulating the provision of financial services in the region. The UK Financial Services Authority has put more emphasis on regulatory measures based on policies and principles. The authority issued a policy statement in July 2007 that was in line with the policy that it had developed the previous year in regard to the principles and rules that govern business conduct by various investment companies (London Update, 2007, p.1). The revised policy would ensure the implementation of the ‘the relevant provisions of the EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) as well as non MiFID Conduct of Business Rules’ (London Update, 2007, p.1). The issue of corporate governance is another approach towards the regulation of the provision of financial services that have been applied in the UK. The investment companies in the UK need to learn and adopt a code of corporate governance in an attempt to comply with the rules and provisions given. The Association of Investment Companies (AIC) gave out a gui de on Corporate Governance to its members in June 2007 that included both the AIC code and the UK combined code on Corporate Governance (London Update, 2007, p.1). Deceptive misstatements in the regular disclosure to the market have also been another issue in the UK financial sector. There have been various legal provisions that govern who are to be held responsible for such misstatement in the market. Section

Analyse the change process during the takeover of Cadbury by Kraft and Essay

Analyse the change process during the takeover of Cadbury by Kraft and critically evaluate the management of that change process - Essay Example When Kraft took over Cadbury, this was a major change that was disruptive to the Cadbury organisation, which had implications for the all the stakeholders involved. Included in the stakeholders was the UK government, which rebuked the organisation for shuttering a plant that it promised to keep open. The workers felt job insecurity. However, the change was not all bad, as both companies gained market share throughout the world. This essay will examine the changes that were made, including the mistakes that Kraft made, and how the change affected all the stakeholders involved. Cadbury Nature of Change The triggers for change The triggers and forces promoting the change was that Kraft, in September of 2009, offered a takeover for Cadbury, valuing it at the time at ?10.2 billion (Wearden, 2010). This offer was initially rejected. Kraft eventually went hostile without a change in terms, despite the fact that Cadbury upped its sales and profit margins, along with a warning that the firm, Cadbury, would lose its unique culture if Kraft took it over. In the end, despite Cadbury's resistance to the takeover, Cadbury's board recommended that the firm be sold to Kraft for ?12 billion (Wearden, 2010). The triggers for change, in this case, was that Kraft wanted to expand its brand, and Cadbury was struggling in the marketplace. In applying the models of change, one of the pertinent models is that of Lewin’s Force Field Model. In this model, an organisation is beset by driving forces on one side and resisting forces on the other. Change upsets the equilibrium of the company, and the driving forces for change are opportunities and threats (Lewin, 1951). The driving force in this case was Kraft’s will to obtain the company, by any means, because it wanted to expand its market share. The resisting forces came when Cadbury repeatedly rejected Kraft’s offers, and, finally, Kraft had to take the company in a hostile takeover (Wearden, 2010). The opportunity that was represented by change was that both companies could gain market share. The threats was that Kraft’s takeover would threaten jobs, and would make workers, and the UK government, feel insecure about the future of the Cadbury company. Another model that is applicable is Lewin’s Ice Cube model. This assumes that there must be a transition state, that is the unfreezing of people’s beliefs – beliefs are frozen, and they must unfreeze for there to be change. The present state is the frozen belief system, while the desired state is what occurs after the beliefs are unfrozen, change takes place, and there is a new desired state that takes the place of the old belief system (Lewin, 1951). This is applicable in the Kraft case, as people in the Cadbury firm had a certain corporate culture and belief system, which is explained below, and they had to learn to adopt a new culture which was imposed by Kraft.

Gender Oppression Glossary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Oppression Glossary - Essay Example With that limit, gender is talked about in a structural manner wherein the segregation of roles with paid employment is the side effect of the capitalist activities. Within the context of a family, the concept tends to explain and dig into the differences in gender roles in terms of domestic labour through materialist perspective. With that, the housework is part of the study and not just the employment. Despite of that, it failed short to create new analysis and relied solely on the established Marxist concepts. Within the bounds of employment, married women were considered to be reserved for labour when insufficient men were present to do the job to maintain the low wage rates. Being part of the reserve, married women are allowed to work and earn on their own to provide for her and her family without depending much on the wage of her husband. Despite of that, post World War II showed how married women still had low levels of income in the job market compared to men that showed disc rimination. The high turnover rates were not enough as married women could not match the demand for men workers as the former were not that of much use as the men do (Bottomore 215). It showed how women still need to make efforts to gain equality in the society and they could use the Marxist feminism as a tool for understanding their situation. Patriarchy Patriarchy pertains to the society that stayed true to traditions as proven by history and following the legacy created for thousands of years. It must not be mistaken for a term pertaining directly to men but it could be related to men. It is a form of formal group of people with a social structure that heavily lean on men to run the system. Although many problems arise from that form of society, it is still prevalent. In that society, there are three factors that pertain to men: domination, identification and centeredness. It involves control and in the process females are oppressed or discriminated. In that form, domination of m en occur in the form of authority in academic, military, legal, political any many more fields. Every top spots is usually reserve for males even the family structure. People usually think traditionally as women who worked themselves toward those positions were subjected to criticisms and exception to the rule topic. They wander how those females can cope up with the abilities of males. Sometimes men who worked the tasks of females were considered to be weak and effeminate. Patriarchal society is also identification of males as the generalization of being men are attributed to being positive, desirable and normal as they link those with masculinity. A good example is the dominating rule in linguistics wherein the pronouns for men and nouns were used to represent the people as a whole. For example, people pertain men to represent human beings while the pronoun he for a doctor. Those create the barriers between men and women and give credit too much to the males. Lastly, centeredness on men happen in that form of society as their activities and decisions are the most important. The media front many stories about men and their opinions. In few occasions, women were included but are portrayed as assistants or love interests of men as those males pursue their heroic adventure (Allan 6-10). This show how the traditional

Corporate social responsibility influence consumers behavior Dissertation

Corporate social responsibility influence consumers behavior - Dissertation Example The presentation and discussions of variables that were collected by use of the questionnaire are therefore undertaken below. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION General Information Gender of Respondents From the responses that were received, it was found upon sorting of responses according to the gender or sex of respondents that forty three (43) of the respondents were females whereas eight (8) respondents were males. From the data, it can be said that there was an apathy on the side of the males when it comes to responding to customer behavior related questions as the ratio of males to females is more than 1:5. In relation to the literature reviewed, it can be said that there are more females who are more enthused about keeping a specific shopping (customer) behavior as compared to males. Age of Respondents Two major categorizations were provided for respondents to choose from in terms of their ages. From the coding that was done, it was realized that a specified pattern as shown in the age gr oupings of respondent. From the responses, it can be noted that there were more respondents within the age group of 18 to 24, which had as many as 43 call ups as compared to those aged 25 to 34 within just 8 call ups. This trend could actually suggest that M&A has more young customers as compared to older customers. Among other reasons, the fact that most products and services offered by the company are highly oriented for tertiary education students who often fall in the age group of 18 to 24 (Burke et al, 2006). Employment Status of Respondents Respondents were asked to indicate as part of the general and demographic information, their employment status. The responses that were sampled have been presented in the table below. Employment Status Number of Respondents Percentage Part time student 1 1.86 Full time student 45 83.3 Unemployed 3 5.56 Part time employed 2 3.702 Full time employed 3 5.56 Retired 0 0 Total 54 100 From the table, it can be seen that as many as 83.3% of the re spondents were full time students. This is a direct confirmation of literature that M&S is more popular among tertiary education students because of the line of products and services that the company offers. Other contributing factors to this are the strategic location of shops undertaken by M&A in various university campuses as a marketing strategy (Weber, 2010). 5.56% each were unemployed and full time employed workers whiles 3.7% were part time employed workers. There was 1.86% part time student with no retiree answering to the questionnaire. Average income of respondents A range was set for the average annual earning or income of respondents. The range was given ?10,000 interval and responses from participants is represented below. Annual income Number of Respondents Percentage 0 to 10,000 45 88.24 10,001 to 20,000 3 5.88 20,001 to 30,000 3 5.88 30,001 to 40,000 0 0 Over 40,000 0 0 Retired 0 0 Total 51 100 The table shows that greater percentage of respondents too an annual sala ry of ?10,000 or less. Their percentile is given as 88.24 whereas those who took more than ?10,000 but less than ?20,000 had a percentage representation of 5.88%. The same percentage was recorded for those taking between ?20,000 and ?30,000. Based on literature that shopping activities are common among people who make average minimum wage

Difficult Mothers Essay Example for Free

Difficult Mothers Essay In Jamaica Kincaid â€Å"The Estrangement† not talking to your mom after a huge fight and 3 years later she’s dead must be hard for someone. Kincaid talks about how when she, and her 3 brothers were young, they saw her as a God, because her mom was always there, making sure if they were alright. Most children think their mother is the number one, especially for man, since they are more related to the mother, and the girls feel more protected with the dads. That is why neither she nor her brothers could understand how the youngest son, when he was dying of AIDS her mother was always taking care of him, helping with his disease. Moms are always trying to see if her children are doing well, trying to make them always feel better when something is going wrong. Kincaid is letting us know how much she suffered with her mom because of her attitude, but when she becomes one, all of this will make sense, all of the drama, the anger, and the great things She was just being a mom. The oldest sister said that she never knew who her father was, since her mother when she was pregnant, stole money from the dad and ran away, that was the reason why her father never met her, but it was ok with her, since she did not need him. She had the father of her 3 brothers, who knew about him, actually more than the same sons. Physiologists say that â€Å"Father is not the person who gives life, but the person who is always there for you† that is why she never wanted to meet the [real father]. Most people might say that her/his mother is never the way she is at home that she is in public, which happens to all of us, don’t you agree? That is why when the mother died, in the funeral everyone was talking so nice about her, how she was so [generous], [kind], etc. But that was not the mother they knew, but totally the opposite. Always telling them horrible things such as, how much she hated the life her children were having. Being a mom has got to be the most beautifu l thing in the world, seeing your kid growing up inside you for 9 months, and then watching those kids grow older, and see what they become. One impressive thing about this essay, is how at the beginning the daughter says how she’s never going to speak again to her mother, result of a conversation they both had, and turned out to be ugly, when the mother said that her daughter’s life was disappointment because she did not accomplished anything, and her life was just [messed up]. After her youngest brother died, she and her two brothers talked about his/her brother felt when he was with his mom, they wondered how that would feel that? And after everything, they finally said [we would rather be dead than spending eternity with her] Some children don’t realized how much their mother did for them, so they could have a better life, a better way of living, and instead of saying â€Å"thanks† is by saying [I would rather see you dead that spending more time beside you]. Instead of hating so much her mother, she realizes that everything she does everything she thinks, or even says, reminds her mother. And that is just the nature of being a mother, you spent the last 20 years next to your mom, and saw how she tried to influence you to be a better person, and that might or might not worked, but you just know that is the way you should go. All mothers hope that their children will be thankful for everything they have done to make them live an easier life, they just want to make you feel how loved you were and you are. The daughter at the end of the essay says how badly she wants her children to be around her for the most time, but if not, now that they are kids, she will enjoy them, and knowing that she had the best time with them. And now says that she is conscious that she is never talking again to her mother (because she is dead) but, she will always be in eternity with her. At some point they will be together, again.

The Ethics Of Photojournalism

The Ethics Of Photojournalism Is a photograph worth more than words? Do the visuals of a photograph have more impact than language? Can one photograph put over the same point across to all its onlookers? Does one single person have a right photograph something that may question moral standards? All these issues arise when considering the field of photojournalism, but do photographs that are published in the media have more impact on the public and because it is a photograph, should we assume that what is being shown is the real truth, opposed to it being a very life like painting? Photojournalists have to comply with a set of ethical rules, the same as writers and editors in the world of media. Each photograph published has to conform to regulations, whether written or unwritten. These sets of rules have precedence in deciding if that photograph is a true and authentic image of what is being shown to the public. In some cases this may rely on the personal principles of the photojournalist and what they perceive to be what is morally right to publish or not. Many topics are raised when considering these rules such as, the behavior of the photographer when taking pictures, what images can be altered by the photographer and the most important one, what can and canà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t be photographed. Technological competence and the ever-changing values of society have influenced this structure of ethics to evolve; and it is still constantly progressing today. Ethics, in any case, is inevitably going to be an area that provokes debate. Kenneth Kobre, a professor in photojournalism and author, writes in his book, Photojournalism, the Proffesionals Approach, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Photojournalism has no Bible, no rabbinical college, no Pope to define correct choices.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ What Kobre means by this is, there is no single referee that determines what is or isnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t ethical. However, if there were, it still isnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t a field where a right or wrong label can be administered. In many books that consider the ethics of photojournalism, one main focal point is often talked about and that is how truthful a photograph can be. It is a question of whether a certain image shows the subject in an accurate light or if it is deceptive to the onlooker. The National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics states that à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Our primary goal is the faithful and comprehensive depiction of the subject at hand.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ So does this mean that a photographer can alter a photo, or set one up? Would these photographs be deemed as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½faithful and comprehensive depictions?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Many texts have been written on the ethics of photojournalism and have tried to answer those questions. However, other debates reach much further when considering these questions, like the debate between ethics and preference. This is particularly true when contemplating photographs of a sexual or violent nature. Some may feel that sexual and violent imagery are in the field of personal preference, whereas the counter argument could be that ethical values must be considered when images such as these are taken. Another angle that could be looked at when thinking about the ethics of photojournalism is what the journalist does when taking their photographs. Perhaps, if a person requested not to be photographed, should the photographer go ahead with it anyway? Or another instance could be, if a photojournalist was covering a major natural disaster, should he stop taking pictures to help someone in desperate need? Then, of course, the argument between being a professional and the ethics of journalism comes into play. If, like stated in the NPPA Code of ethics that all depictions should be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½faithful and comprehensiveà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, does that also cover a situation where the journalist may deliberately not using a photograph to its full potential? There is one book in particular that tries to solve these questions. Written by Paul Lester, Photojournalism: An Ethical Approach, spells out six different ethical philosophies in order to sort out the baffling queries in this ethical field. The first being the Categorical Imperative. Lester states, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Categorical here means unconditional, without any question of extenuating circumstances, without any exceptions.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ What is meant by this is that if it ok for one, it is ok for all. If, for example, an editor was thinking about publishing a photograph of a white policeman using physical force against a black female citizen. That editor should then reflect on whether they would publish it if it was under a different situation; say if the policeman was a black male and the citizen a white female, or if they were both of the same race or gender. The second of the six philosophies is Utilitarianism. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Utilitarianism is the belief that tries to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of peopleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. So, for example, a photograph of a child with severe burns may offend some people, especially those who have children. However, if this image will raise awareness for fire safety within the area, then going by the philosophy of Utilitarianism, the capturing and publication of this image is seen as morally right. The third that Lester talks about is Hedonism. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Phrases such as, Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die, Live for today, and Dont worry-Be happy, are present examples of the Hedonism philosophyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. It is to justify publishing photos for their aesthetic nature (to sell newspapers) rather because of their importance. An example of this is perhaps where a young lady is pictured on the front page rather than a boring old politician. The forth of the six is The Golden Mean, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½a compromise between two extreme points of view or actionsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Here, Lester explains that if there is a photograph that is less offensive or invasive, but still gets the same point across then that photo is the best one to publish. So, for example, if there was a photo of the funeral of a dead solider or a photo of a memorial with the inscription of the names of lost soldiers, then the memorial image should be the one chosen as it still shows the impact of war. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The following two philosophies, Veil of Ignorance and Golden Rule, are usually used to argue against the taking and printing a controversial image by photographers, editors, subjects, and readers.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The Veil of Ignorance is where à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½in practical terms, a photographer tries to imagine what it would be like to be the subject of the photographsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. What is meant by this is, if the photographers themselves wouldnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t feel comfortable in the place of the subject, then it would be best to find another image. For example, if a riot was being photographed and someone was pictured with their clothes torn off, then this could be a situation which the photographer may not feel comfortable in, because of the unforeseen nudity. Finally, the last of the six is The Golden Rule. Lester explains The Golden Rule as being the philosophy that teaches persons to love your neighbors as yourself.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In other words, they should treat the subjects in their photographs the way they would want to be treated. This philosophy is one that relies on the photographers or editors own morals. Although there is no definite system that the ethics of photojournalism can be regulated by, there are other conducts that can establish its present shape to a degree. By investigating certain circumstances that have encouraged debate on the ethics of photojournalism, one can unearth any potentially unethical photograph or photographer, as people donà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t usually question anything that is evidently all well and good. So, by doing this helps highlight the unclear guidelines to what may be or not be ethical; with unambiguous cases of unethical and ethical journalistic works, the understanding of the ethics in photojournalism can be broadened. Case Study As I have stated previously, the ethical quandaries that photojournalists and editors have to face is an area of grey. It could be argued that manipulation of a photograph can be as simple as changing it from colour to black and white. On the other hand, manipulation can also include a photograph that has been taken from a series of snaps, and published in a certain way that changes the whole concept entirely. That subsequently brings me to the photograph of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The Falling Manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in the September,11th attacks in New York. The photograph was taken by Richard Drew at 9.41 am. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½In the United States, people have taken pains to banish it from the record of September 11, 2001. The story behind it, though, and the search for the man pictured in it, are our most intimate connection to the horror of that day.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ It has been documented throughout the world that this photograph is just one that was selected from a series of photographs taken of this man plummeting to his death. Some may feel that this particular image is one that depicts elegance and peacefulness, whereas the others are said to be of a disturbing nature. This evidently shows that the alteration of an image and the editing process are one of the same, which leads one to question the ethics behind this photograph. One could argue, on ethical grounds, that the victim falling to his death in this photograph did not attend work that day to become a tragic figure. The victim falling to his death on 911 did not go to work to become an icon of a tragic day. It could be said that it is regrettable that this man, through the acts of terrorism, became a reluctant hero in his last living moments, yet it brings a recognition to the photojournalist who captured these terrible happenings. Is this ethically right? Afterward, the photograph was then used in a search to identify à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the falling manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which later provoked strongly opinionated debates about the shame and anger the families of people pictures were feeling. The well known phrase à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½jumpersà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ came in use not long after this photograph was printed, which implied they had committed suicide. This created controversy throughout many communities in America, as suicide was a shameful act. Again, did Richard Drew consider any ethical reasoning before selling on this picture? This photograph doesnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t reflect any of the rules stated in the NPPC Code of ethics, but still the American newspapers felt it was right to publish. Photojournalists, and journalists alike, have a responsibility to provide the public with the news. Yet, on ethical terms, they also have to strive to achieve equilibrium between their professionalism as well as respecting the privacy and dignity of their subject. However, could it be said that photo was in the public interest? It could be suggested that, while this photograph may be a controversial one throughout America (and even the world) , ethics has nothing to do with it. A photograph can also be seen as a work of art; this one being no exception. The aim of a work of art is to trigger an emotional reaction to the person who is looking at it. Even when considering the horrific circumstances it was taken under, this photograph is still deeply moving. Therefore, it may be argued that this photograph cannot be controlled by ethics; somewhat our perceptions of ethics are fixed and then are subsequently challenged by art. My personal view of this photograph is undecided. Considering each argument that could hypothetically be put across I still have no solid opinion on it. However, I feel what Peter Howe wrote on Richard Drew does show a flicker of truth. This photograph has impacted on American society, even reaching out the other nations. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Drew hasnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t seen one image that he considers to be the iconic summation of the disaster, but he feels that the photographic coverage of it has influenced the American public: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½I think it has rallied the Americans. At least what I can see. Ità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s seemed to have rallied everyone. Everyone is carrying flags, they have flags on their cars, and they have flags on their lapels, flags on their hats at the NY stock exchange. They have flags everywhere. People on the street corners are all selling flags. There is a sense of patriotism that probably wasnt that strong as it was when this thing started, you know. You cant screw with us. We are going to go after you. Were not going to sit back here and take it.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In my conclusion, I feel that while the roots of print journalism can be traced almost to the origins of the written word. However, photojournalism is a pretty new thing when put in comparison with language. In 150 years a whole framework of ethics has evolved. When photojournalism first came about, technology ruled what was acceptable, because if it was possible then it must be ok. However, after the industry began to mull over what the essence of news really was that is when it all began to change. By introducing notions such as trust and fairness, that is when an ethical system had to be applied; as a result, the concept of photojournalistic ethics. . After looking into much detail about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the falling manà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ photograph, it is clear how much of an impact photojournalism, and other journalistic works for that matter, have on our society as a whole. By sparking a debate from one single photo, creates thought processes which one may never have considered in any other instances. That leads on to the way society thinks and acts. Lastly, the vital aim is to put forward accurate and trustworthy photographic journalism to the public. Although, as I have stated previously, it may be published at a cost, the negative effect of a photograph must be put against the possible benefits it may have to the viewing public. However, we cannot assume that todayà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s ethics, will be the same as tomorrows.

Defining Family in a Law Context

Defining Family in a Law Context 1. Introduction The term family is a fluid concept[1], used to describe different forms of expressions regarding the intimacy shared in private life based on care and interdependence. It comprises of diverse relationships, including homosexual or heterosexual couple with or without children, cohabiting with or without legal formality.[2] Therefore, if the family is the core social environment in society, then family law is any form of governing and supporting those close emotional relationships between adults, children and the state.[3] However, it is difficult to define the family law due to changes in social norms and standards. There is also a wide range of laws, such as immigration law and employment law[4], that may have significant influence on family life, therefore family law usually is considered as an ambiguous and incoherent subject.[5] To explore the question of what family law is, this paper will seek to address two main issues. First, to discuss the ways to define the concept of family within the law. Second, to evaluate what family law is from several different theoretical approaches. 2. Changing ideas of family in law The traditional concept of family in law takes the idea of the nuclear family, which comprises of a married heterosexual couple with children.[6] Apart from the context of marriage, it was considered an abuse of the English language to include other relationships.[7] According to the statistics provided by the Office for National Statistics (ONS)[8], the number of the nuclear family has decreased 500 thousand compared to the data from 2000 to 2015 while the cohabiting couple family has become the fastest growing family type reaching 3.2 million in the past decade. Meanwhile, the most common family type changes from the idealised family into the form of the married couple or civil partner couple without any children.[9] This situation pushes the law to respond to this gap[10] by shifting from the traditional nuclear family into the idea of New Families.[11] The concept of New Families[12] begins with the recognition of unmarried couples regardless of children, but still requires an appropriate degree of apparent permanence and stability.[13] Same sex relationships has recently been accepted as a family in Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association,[14] where longstanding, close, loving and faithful, monogamous homosexual relationshipsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is deemed to make someone a member of a family.[15] Lady Hale also highlights that widening the scope of the family, regardless of the sex, could recognise the importance the principles of dignity, humanity and equality.[16] Therefore, the law does not limit the definition of family life and accepts the different forms of family as long as they can establish the degree of intimacy and stability and sharing of lives. However, the law has categorised an exclusion, friendship has been refused as the relationship of the family due to lack of degree of intimacy and stability.[17] Arguably, Diduck argues that there are blurring lines between family and friends in contemporary society, as friends become lovers and lovers become friends [18]. 3. What is Family Law? This section examines how the family law works in relations to the family. The functions have been briefly divided into four main categories: protection, regulation, radiating message and promotion of equality, and further use several theoretical approaches respectively for evaluation. i. Protection and Support A Good parent in a family is usually considered as a person who provides physical, emotional and financial support for their children. They also protect the children and family members from harm.[19] In terms of the functionalist approach, family law has a series of goals to be fulfilled.[20] Eekelaar has suggested that the main objectives of family law are the enforcers of protection and support to the family.[21] As an example, the most common situation encountered by law is domestic violence. According to the research by the ONS, there are over 78% of incidents of the domestic abuse involved violence.[22] The introduction of Family Law Act 1996 is one of legislation for allowing the victims to obtain the help for protection. It attempts to bring consistency to the civil remedies and emphasises the protection of the human rights for safeguarding victims from domestic violence.[23] The application of this law yielded positive results, as the data provided by the ONS showed the numbe rs of domestic violence have generally decreased by 0.7 million over the past decade.[24] However, difficulty arises when it is assumed that the law is the only factor to influence the family. [25] By using the above example, the law influence may not be the sole reason for the reduction of domestic violence, thus there are other possible factors to improve the domestic violence situation, such as government support and educational policy.[26] The uncertainty of family law further arguably undermines this approach where it is difficult to simplify the laws into one single goal. In the case of the 1996 Act on divorce claims that it is pursuing both contrary goals, including, to encourage marriage and to make it possible to break down the marriage with as little bitterness as possible, therefore, it cannot precisely assess the effectiveness of family law. ii. Regulation and Adjustment of family life The relationship between law and family has been described as the protector of private life.[27] However, the traditional division of public and private sphere have given rises to debates of whether it is appropriate to regulate the private life by the law. The opinion of traditional liberal position suggests that it is improper for the state to regulate and intervene on private affairs.[28] For example, if the law illegalises adultery, it might violate the privacy of family life. It also seems impossible and difficult for the law enforcers to control all private properties for the adultery issue. Respecting private life upholds the principle of autonomy. The traditional liberal position respects individuals decisions about how they wish to develop their own beliefs and personality on the family issue.[29] Arguably, the promotion of autonomy principle does not necessarily mean that the law should be entirely cast out of the private sphere. Some undesirable [30]forms of family life, such as child abuse, might require and deserve the intervention to regulate and adjust to the private family life. For example, there has been an increase of criminal law used against parents whose children misbehave. Therefore, it is not a clear picture to distinguish one of intervention or deregulation. Although the law is difficult to have clear-cut for public and private intervention to family life, it seems to endorse the shift to privatisation. The law attempts to regulate the private life less and less.[31] The law encourages divorcing couples to use mediation for the family and financial dispute resolution, rather than settling it through court. The current Government also gives the clear direction about the role of the court that the law should focus on protecting the vulnerable from abuse, victimisation and exploitation and should avoid intervening in family life except where there is clear benefit to children or vulnerable adults in doing so.[32] In other words, the law can focus on the regulation and adjustment of the family in crisis. [33] iii. Sending Message to the Public With collaboration with the family regulation policy, the Law Commission recognises the ability of family law was to send the message to the public about the desirable behaviour of good family living.[34] Law upholds the traditional values of nuclear families with unrestrictive form, underlining those qualities as an ideal family model. Therefore, the law encourages the former partners of the divorced family and lone parent families to go on to make a new family[35], rather than focusing on the remedying the broken family. The government policy takes this approach to achieve good divorce, now defined as one that creates the separate-but-continuing family.[36] The message sent by the law can be reviewed through the usage of judicial language and style in the judgments.[37] Traditionally, the expression of paternalism or welfare highlight the breadwinner in a traditional patriarchal family was responsible for supporting continually his pre-separation marital obligation after the breaking-down of marriage.[38] In the 1990s, the judgment starts to shift to the language of equality or rights, which supports and assumes a diverse and democratic form of family. The breadwinner became obliged to share what became re-conceived as the fruit of the marital partnership. [39] The language radiates the message that the law shifts to emphasise the principle of non-discrimination, mutuality, right or entitlement and equality. iv. Promotion of Equality Family law positively promotes the principle of equality and non-discrimination. The widening scope of what is a family, by allowing diverse relationships is a significant indication of justice, equality and inclusivity.[40] The enforcements of Civil Partnership Act 2004 and Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 grant most of the rights and responsibilities of marriage to the registered same-sex couples to enjoy the equal right and status for family life[41] as the heterosexual marriage couples. [42] Arguably, there are still some limits on equality and discrimination. On 21st February 2017, the Court of Appeal rejected heterosexual couples entering into civil partnerships.[43] The judgment fails to allow the couples to seek fairness and equality and to eliminate discrimination between heterosexual and homosexual couples. The judgment has further potentially violated the human rights under Article 14 taken with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)[44]. The couples might not make their personal family choices. Hence, Lord Arden further urged the need to change the law by the Parliament. To further argue regarding inequality within the law. Historically, the law has discriminated against women in divorce where the husbands are able to divorce their wives on the basis of adultery. However, the wives are only able to divorce their husbands based on the grounds of the incestuous adultery.[45] Therefore, the law seeks to emphasise the concept of equality before the law that both men and women are on equal footing [46]and to avoid men abusing their gender to obtain an unfair advantage. The law also ensures everyone in society could equally access safety and justice through the law. In terms of domestic violence, the evidence provided by the Rights of Women, mentions that there are up to 40% of women who could not satisfy the restrictive requirements of Legal Aid.[47] On 23rd Feb 2017, the removal of the five-year limit and the admission of fresh categories of evidence aims to help large numbers of women and also men, who were previously been deprived of legal advice and representation, can obtain legal aid for family disputes.[48] Estelle du Boulay, Director of Rights of Women commented that this renew commitment is both victory for women and also for common sense.[49] The law is lowering the thresholds for more people to seek the justice through law. However, feminist perspectives argue that there is still a loophole between gender equalities. They criticise the disadvantages from the assumption of the traditional gender role in society: the father is the active breadwinner whilst the mother is the traditional day to day carer. [50] Yet, SRJ v DWJ [51] invokes the entitlement of monetary value for the contribution of the wife that she gave up her work as a teacher to concentrate on her family. The court attempts to redress the gender imbalance that exists in the traditional family-based discourses. Therefore, the parties respective responsibilities to each other base on the discourse of rights, compensation, mutuality, and gender equality.[52] 4. Conclusion Family law is a special law due to the wide scope of families and wide ranges of issues it deals with throughout its historical and contemporary period. This paper has examined family law from four different categories: Functional, adjustive, radiating message and equality. Although these four categories might not cover all issues, it briefly summarises the main principles of family law and further evaluates its effectiveness regarding on concerned issues. References Bowcott O, Court Rules Against Heterosexual Couple Who Wanted Civil Partnership The Guardian (2017) accessed 7 March 2017 Bowcott O, Legal Aid Shakeup Hands Lifeline To Domestic Violence Victims The Guardian (2017) accessed 26 February 2017 Dewar J, The Normal Chaos Of Family Law (1998) 61 Modern Law Review Diduck A and Kaganas F, Family Law, Gender And The State: Text, Cases And Materials (3rd edn, Oxford: Hart 2012) Diduck A, Shifting Familiarity (2005) 58 Current Legal Problems Diduck A, What Is Family Law For? (2011) 64 Current Legal Problems Eekelaar J, Family Law And Social Policy (2nd edn, Weidenfield and Nicholson 1984) Dyson Holding Ltd v Fox [1976] QB 513 European Convention on Humans Right, Art 8 and 14 Families And Households- Office For National Statistics (Ons.gov.uk, 2017) accessed 24 February 2017 Family Law Ground For Divorce (1990) accessed 26 February 2017 Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association [2001] 1 AC 27 Harris-Short S and Miles J, Family Law: Text, Cases And Material (2nd edn, Oxford 2011) Herring J, Family Law (7th edn, Longman 2015) Human Rights Act 1998, Art 8 Gamman v Ekins [1950] 2 KB 328, 331 Mendoza v Ghaiden [2004] UKHL 30 Minow M, All In The Family In All Families: Membership, Loving, And Owing (1993) 95 WVLR Norgrove D, Family Justice Review Final Report (2012) accessed 12 March 2017 Re G (Education: Religious Upbringing) [2012] EWCA Rights of Women, Evidencing Domestic Violence: Nearly 3 Years On (2015) accessed 26 February 2017 Shannon G, Family Law (1st edn, Oxford University Press 2011) Smart C, Stories Of Family Life: Cohabitation, Marriage And Social Change (1st edn, 2000) SRJ v DWJ [1999] FCR 153 CA Starting In School To End Domestic Violence (Refuge For Women and Children Against domestic violence, 2017) accessed 7 March 2017 The Guardian, Marriage Has Changed Throughout Its History. Making It Equal Changes It For The Better (2015) The Matrimonial Causes Act 1957 c85 Travis A, Domestic Abuse Accounts For One In 10 Recorded Crimes ONS The Guardian (2016) Woodhouse J and Dempsey N, Domestic Violence In England And Wales (House of Commons Library 2016) [1] Carol Smart, Stories of Family Life: Cohabitation, Marriage and Social Change (2000) 17 CJFL 20 [2] Alison Diduck, What Is Family Law For? (2011) 64 Current Legal Problems 289 [3] Jonathan Herring, Family Law (7th edn, Longman, Essex 2015) 16-17 [4] ibid. [5] John Dewar, The Normal Chaos Of Family Law (1998) 61 Modern Law Review 467 [6] Herring (n 3) 4 [7] Gamman v Ekins [1950] 2 KB 328, 331 [8] Families And Households- Office For National Statistics (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) accessed 24 February 2017. [9] ibid. [10] Alison Diduck and Felicity Kaganas, Family Law, Gender And The State: Text, Cases And Materials (2nd edn, Hart publishing 2017), p.9 [11] Herring (n 3) 7-12 [12] ibid. [13] Dyson Holdings Ltd v Fox [1976] QB 513 [14] Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association [2001] 1 AC 27 [15] ibid 32. [16] Mendoza v Ghaiden [2004] UKHL 30 [17] Martha Minow, All in the Family in All Families: Membership, Loving, and Owing [1992-1993] 95 WVLR 319 [18] Alison Diduck, Shifting Familiarity (2005) 58 Current Legal Problems 250 [19] Geoffrey Shannon, Family Law (1st edn, Oxford University Press 2011). [20] Herring (n 3) 17 [21] John Eekelaar, Family law and social policy (2nd edn, Weidenfield and Nicholson, London 1984) 24-26 [22] Alan Travis, Domestic Abuse Accounts For One In 10 Recorded Crimes ONS The Guardian (2016). [23] Herring (n 3) 299 [24] John Woodhouse and Noel Dempsey, Domestic Violence In England And Wales (House of Commons Library 2016) 5 [25] Herring (n 3) 17 [26] Refuge For Women and Children Against domestic violence, Starting In School To End Domestic Violence accessed 7 March 2017. [27] Herring (n 3) 21 [28] ibid. [29] Herring (n 3) 22 [30] Sonia Harris-Short and Joanna Miles, Family Law: Text, Cases And Material (2nd edn, Oxford 2011) 12 [31] Herring (n 3) 24 [32] David Norgrove, Family Justice Review Final Report (The Ministry of Justice, the Department for Education and the Welsh Government 2012) accessed 12 March 2017. [33] Harris-Short and Miles (n18) 12 [34] Law Commission Report No.192, Family Law Ground For Divorce (1990) accessed 26 February 2017. [35] Diduck (n 17) 238 [36] ibid. [37] Diduck (n 2) 292 [38] ibid. [39] Diduck (n 2) 293 [40] Diduck (n 22) 239 [41] Article 8 of Human Rights Act 1998, Right to respect for private and family life [42] The Guardian, Marriage Has Changed Throughout Its History. Making It Equal Changes It For The Better (2015). [43] Owen Bowcott, Court Rules Against Heterosexual Couple Who Wanted Civil Partnership (the Guardian, 2017) accessed 7 March 2017. [44] Article 14 of ECHR, Prohibition of discrimination Art 8 of ECHR, Right to respect for private and family life, [45] The Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 c.85, XXVII, On Adultery of Wife or Incest, and of Husband, Petition for Dissolution of Marriage may be presented. [46] Munby LJ, Re G (Education: Religious Upbringing) [2012] EWCA, para 24 [47] Rights of Women, Evidencing Domestic Violence: Nearly 3 Years On (2015) accessed 26 February 2017. [48] Owen Bowcott, Legal Aid Shakeup Hands Lifeline To Domestic Violence Victims (the Guardian, 2017) accessed 26 February 2017. [49] ibid. [50] Minow (n 17) 313 [51] SRJ v DWJ [1999] 3 FCR 153 CA [52] Diduck (n 2) 297

In Support of Hybrid Cars Essay -- Gasoline Electric Hybrid Automobile

To hybrid or not to hybrid, that is the question Hybrid electric cars are the wave of the future. At this point, the human race does not really have a choice anymore: we must act now to prevent further warming of our planet. With global warming graduating from theory to fact, and in the wake of some of the most devastating storms our civilized world has ever seen, I strode into a nearby Honda dealership to see what kind of advancements are being made in the Hybrid electric vehicle field. Keeping in mind what a typical college student might be looking for in a car: pleasing aesthetics, affordability and low maintenance cost, I present you my findings on the Honda Civic LX, compared with the Honda Civic Hybrid model. When the salesman came over to answer any questions and offer the obligatory test drive, I eagerly accepted. The first car I drove was the gas powered LX Civic, starting around $16,000. This car was equipped with a manual transmission, a four cylinder engine, and all the other basic options you would expect to find on a mid priced Honda: power windows, power locks, floor mats, CD player, anti-lock brakes, and optional sun roof. The minute I climbed into the car, I felt the comfortable feeling of being at my mother's house. Not because the Civic has an antiquated feel, but because this is a car that has been the shining star of the small sedan competition for such a long time. Everything on this car just feels like it is in the right place. I reach for the radio during the ride and I am just in reach of all the controls. I roll down the window and can't help but crack a smile as I maneuver around a pothole with ease. The ride is so very smooth, especially for a small car. I round a corner of a not busy s... ...000 mile limited warranty and a 5 year or 60,000 limited warranty, just like every other Honda. Its battery pack comes with an 8-year/80,000-mile warranty. If you have any problems with the car you can bring it here to the dealership or to any mechanic that is trained in HEVs." I look at him plainly. I was expecting him to tell me something more complicated, or to only answer half of the question. But there it is plain as day. You can bring your HEV to the dealership where you purchased it to be worked on. I sit in a sort of meditative stance, not knowing if to purchase the hybrid or the gasoline powered car. Noel senses my fence sitting, and comes in with the knockout punch, "You know Zack, did I mention if you buy a HEV you can qualify for a $2,000 federal tax deduction?" Armed with this information, I tell Noel I will be back one day to purchase my hybrid.

Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Creation Story :: Enuma Elish

Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Creation Story Like the Greek Theogony, the creation of the world in the Enuma elish begins with the universe in a formless state, from which emerge two primary gods, male and female: When the skies above were not yet named Nor earth below pronounced by name, Apsu, the first one, their begetter, And maker Tiamat, who bore them all, Had mixed their waters together, But had not formed pastures, nor discovered reed-beds; When yet no gods were manifest, Nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed, Then gods were born within them. (Dalley 233) Apsu, the male "begetter," is the sweet waters, while Tiamat, the female "maker," is the bitter, salt waters. Sweet and salt water mingle together at the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, site of the origins of Mesopotamian civilization. Some translators see the word "maker" in line 4 not as an adjective describing Tiamat but as another god, named Mummu, who emerges at the same time. As you might expect, Mummu means "maker," "form," "mold," or "matrix." Besides being Apsu's vizier, Mummu is the mold or the undifferentiated substance from which things are made. Like Eros at the beginning of the Theogony, this Mummu-power is necessary to get the job of birth-creation going. Stephanie Dalley notes that "the bit-mummu was the term for a workshop that produced statues of deities" (274). N. K. Sandars, however, sees mummu as potential, or entropy (27). In this early period, nothing is named yet because nothing has appeared or been created yet. Notice that pasture-land must be form ed--wrested from the desert by the hard work of digging and irrigation. The reed-beds mentioned in line 6 are handier than one might think: in southern Iraq today, the marsh dwellers live and work in floating houses and boats made from the reeds in the reed-beds. The "destinies" mentioned in line 8 are somewhat like the Sumerian me--cultural patterns and ways of living. After the waters of Apsu and Tiamat mix, the gods Lahmu and Lahamu ("slime, mud") emerge. And from this pair come Anshar ("whole sky") and Kishar ("whole earth"), meaning perhaps "the horizon, the circular rim of heaven and the corresponding circular rim of earth" (Jacobsen 168). Anshar and Kishar give birth to Anu, the sky god, who in turn begets what one translation calls "his likeness" (Heidel 18) Ea, the trickster god of the flowing waters, who is familiar to us as Enki.

Why Parenting Is More Important That School

According to Annie Murphy Paul and the studies done by the University Of California-Irvine, North Carolina State University, and Brigham University, parental involvement in their children’s academic life such as checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend.Research also reveals something else: the parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an edge. Engaging in this reciprocal back-and- forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them a sense that their thoughts and opinion matter. All parents need to do is talk. My position on this issue presented by Annie Murphy Paul is one of agreement. I concur that talking to your children and engaging in their academic life can have a positiv e effect in their school performance.All the research that were mentioned in Paul’s article reinforced and supported the claim that students perform better or are more interested in their school work if their parents are involved and show interest in their school activities. As the article mentioned, background and digital devices are not a guarantee for good grades; neither are paying for an expensive private school or tutoring. What it comes down to is interaction, talking. I believe this to be true. When a child sees their parents’ involvement in their academia they feel a sense of importance.In my line of work I come across children and parents who come from a variety of backgrounds. Sometimes I see children and the amount of involvement that their parents play in their academic growth show through the amount of information that the child is able to retain. The multiracial children that I’ve come across who have difficulty reading and writing have this probl em because of their parents inability to speak English properly (Hispanic decent) or because of the limited amount of involvement in their child’s education progression.As a child growing up my parents’ involvement with my academics were very limited. They didn’t give me the impression that exerting great achievement in my school work was necessary so I didn’t feel the need to go to college immediately after high school. Looking back now that I’m an adult I wish they had. I feel that if they pushed me harder or talked to me and encouraged me to pursue a college career after high school it would’ve saved me a whole lot of stress as an adult, now that I’m trying to pursue my college degree. As a parent now, I throw myself into my children’s academics and social life.I try to get involved as much as possible to show them that education is important. I want them to pursue college and to be successful. I know that my involvement is an encouragement to them and they’ve told me countless times how grateful they are for my support. My daughter is always telling me how important my presence is at her school functions and my son will remember when I miss a soccer game. I believe that just the knowledge that children have of a support group, namely their parents, in their corner gives them a sense of purpose.They don’t want to disappoint their parents so they feel this pressure to please. After a while that sense of accomplishment becomes internalized to where they self-motivate themselves and want to do their best, want to get good grades, want to succeed and excel. I feel like it’s my job as a parent to motivate my children to be better than who they are, better than what/who I am, and to work for the things that they want. In conclusion, I believe that the studies conducted by scholars and gathered by Annie Murphy Paul are true.I’ve seen this first hand and I am a product of poor paren tal involvement. I can see how my involvement in my children’s lives brings positive reinforcement to their academic progression. Personally, I believe that teacher involvement does play a role in a student’s progression but not as great an impact as the parent does on the child. The family is the central learning center for every individual and if a child see’s how important their education is to their parent(s) they in turn want it for themselves to progress.

The Importance of Teen Health

Did you know that a lack of physical activity causes one in ten premature deaths worldwide? The health of teens is decreasing every year. The physical activity of teens has declined 32% in a single generation. This is all because of the new technology and a change in eating habits. For the first time, this generation may die before their parents. If teens don’t pay attention to what they eat, the amount of exercise they get, and avoid drugs, the health issues with teens will keep increasing.Do teens ever go home and just spend hours watching TV or on the computer? About 50% of teens will come home and just watch TV or go on the computer, instead of getting exercise. Studies show that if teens don’t get a minimum of thirty minutes of exercise a day, they will gain weight and become obese. All because of the lack of exercise, 30% of teens become obese or overweight. Research shows that, â€Å"Our brains simply may not be built for an environment without physical activity .†How many people have ever thought about the weight they could gain every time they choose not to exercise and just sit and eat? Just eating right is not enough to maintain a healthy diet; teens need to exercise. Drugs are a big problem in a teen’s life. Drugs can cause teens to have a big issue in the future and can cause them to not be themselves. An easy way to avoid drugs is to stay away from people who are doing drugs. Studies show that, â€Å"Teen brains are only about 80% developed and don’t fully mature until their mid-20’s.†Have teens ever thought about the effects of drugs or the number of people who try an illegal drug for the first time? There are about 4,300 teens that try an illegal drug for the first time each day. If teens don’t avoid drugs, like marijuana, then when they get older, they will have depression, stress, motivation, and reward problems. Teens must avoid drugs in order to have a healthier life than the teens that use drugs. Most teens say that the meals served at schools are unhealthy and very fattening.But the real fact is that school meals are healthier than any fast food teens get. If a school meal is left outside for more than four hours, it is tossed. An article in the Argolog says, â€Å"Everything from the burritos to the cookies is made from scratch every morning. † This proves that the food is healthy and not left over from any other day. The district of Garden Grove serves about 41,455 healthy meals at schools per day. Teens will be healthier if they eat the food served at school rather than leaving school and getting fast food.The food served at school must be checked by the USDA and must meet the guidelines, or it can’t be served. The overall health of teens has slowly been decreasing throughout the years. The health of teens is causing experts to believe that teens may die before their parents. In order to maintain a healthy life, teens must exercise daily, avoid d rugs and alcohol, and eat healthy foods. Every teen needs to exercise about thirty to forty minutes a day, which might seem like a lot of time, but in reality, it will change teen’s life. ï » ¿The Importance of Teen Health Did you know that a lack of physical activity causes one in ten premature deaths worldwide? The health of teens is decreasing every year. The physical activity of teens has declined 32% in a single generation. This is all because of the new technology and a change in eating habits. For the first time, this generation may die before their parents. If teens don’t pay attention to what they eat, the amount of exercise they get, and avoid drugs, the health issues with teens will keep increasing.Do teens ever go home and just spend hours watching TV or on the computer? About 50% of teens will come home and just watch TV or go on the computer, instead of getting exercise. Studies show that if teens don’t get a minimum of thirty minutes of exercise a day, they will gain weight and become obese. All because of the lack of exercise, 30% of teens become obese or overweight. Research shows that, â€Å"Our brains simply may not be built for an environment without physical activity .†How many people have ever thought about the weight they could gain every time they choose not to exercise and just sit and eat? Just eating right is not enough to maintain a healthy diet; teens need to exercise. Drugs are a big problem in a teen’s life. Drugs can cause teens to have a big issue in the future and can cause them to not be themselves. An easy way to avoid drugs is to stay away from people who are doing drugs. Studies show that, â€Å"Teen brains are only about 80% developed and don’t fully mature until their mid-20’s.†Have teens ever thought about the effects of drugs or the number of people who try an illegal drug for the first time? There are about 4,300 teens that try an illegal drug for the first time each day. If teens don’t avoid drugs, like marijuana, then when they get older, they will have depression, stress, motivation, and reward problems. Teens must avoid drugs in order to have a healthier life than the teens that use drugs. Most teens say that the meals served at schools are unhealthy and very fattening.But the real fact is that school meals are healthier than any fast food teens get. If a school meal is left outside for more than four hours, it is tossed. An article in the Argolog says, â€Å"Everything from the burritos to the cookies is made from scratch every morning. † This proves that the food is healthy and not left over from any other day. The district of Garden Grove serves about 41,455 healthy meals at schools per day. Teens will be healthier if they eat the food served at school rather than leaving school and getting fast food.The food served at school must be checked by the USDA and must meet the guidelines, or it can’t be served. The overall health of teens has slowly been decreasing throughout the years. The health of teens is causing experts to believe that teens may die before their parents. In order to maintain a healthy life, teens must exercise daily, avoid d rugs and alcohol, and eat healthy foods. Every teen needs to exercise about thirty to forty minutes a day, which might seem like a lot of time, but in reality, it will change teen’s life.

A Comparison: Friar Lawrence vs the Nurse

A Comparison: Friar Lawrence VS The Nurse Thesis: Both Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are loyal to Romeo and Juliet (respectively), they have defended, protected and have helped upkeep their well being, but do not always make decisions in their best interests, which in fact lead to both of their demises. In Romeo and Juliet, a story where two lovers are destined to be together, but their heritage prevents them, Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are similar to fathers and mothers, wise guardians, trusted companions to these two. Or are they reckless, hasty, and thoughtless?They have spent their lives with Romeo and Juliet, watching them grow and guiding them along their paths of life. But now they allow these â€Å"star-crossed lovers† to marry, though they know nothing of the other but a few whispered words. Are these sages to be admired and sought after, or fools at which to scoff and avoid? The Friar assumes a very opaque character, in a sense that his objectives are not always ver y clear to both the reader and the other characters, but in these cases his purposes are pure, to provide the best advice to Romeo.When The Friar questions Romeo’s judgment when he shares with him that he has so quickly given up thought on Rosaline and moved on to Juliet, Lawrence tells Romeo that he isn’t thinking right and that he needs to reconsider. Although this does come across as blunt, he only wants what is best for Romeo, yet he still agrees to wed them and is important because it demonstrates that The Friar has respectable intentions (Act 2, Scene 3, Lines 69-83).And when Romeo states that he would rather die than be banished and forced to live without Juliet, Friar advises him to not kill himself, which is very noble and is significant because shows that Romeo’s life is of some importance to him (Act 3, Scene 3, Lines 8-84). The Nurse finds herself acting as an advisor, a faithful servant, and as a parent like figure, but without the stern qualities t owards Juliet and others. When The Nurse delivers a ring sent from Juliet to Romeo, and most importantly, reminds Romeo that Juliet still loves him and that he should ot give up hope, even though he had been banished. This proves that The Nurse does not have any pre judgmental thoughts about Romeo, that she believes in him, and is substantial because it solidifies that she is kind not only just to Juliet (Act 3, Scene 3, line 85-173). The Friar actually accompanies her in this scene, acting out the same behavior, attempting to keep Romeo from slipping into a deep depression at the thought of never seeing Juliet again.And When The Nurse is commanded by Lord Capulet to bring forth the news to Juliet that she must marry Paris, though reluctant as she is, she agrees that marrying Paris would be in her best interests, and The Nurse tells Juliet what she must do which is critical because it validates that The Nurse will do anything to keep Juliet from harm even if she does not like it. Al though marrying Paris is not something Juliet wants to do, The Nurse knows that that is what is best for her, and Juliet lies and tells her that she will marry him (Act 3, Scene 5, Lines 176-246).The Nurse, a woman who is supposed to help guide Juliet on the right path, yet mistakenly confuses Juliet’s needs with her father’s wants. Although the Nurse does not realize it, the attempt at provoking Juliet to marry Paris could have further convinced Juliet that she did not want to live with her family any longer, and ask Friar Lawrence for help, which is important because this resulted in her death (Act 3, Scene 5, Lines 176-246).And when Friar Lawrence recites and recognizes all who are dead in a quite hurried and distasteful manner, although he does imply that he grieves over all of the life lost, it is to be noted with significance because he does not recognize that he is somewhat responsible for their deaths (Act 5, Scene 3, Lines 238). Although Friar Lawrence had a s trong positive influential role in how Romeo and Juliet came together, he also made crucial mistakes that in their absence could have resulted in Romeo and Juliet being alive.When Friar devises a plan to give Juliet a potion that makes her appear dead while she remains in a deep slumber, so that she can avoid marring Paris and escape off to Romeo. Besides the many chances where this plan could have failed, it was hastily conceived, and should have been given more time to be thought out, which is important because it proves that in critical moments, The Friar can become hasty and his ethical thought process can be clouded by the pressure of the moment (Act 4, Scene 1, Lines 181-185).

Phase Transformations in Metals

It follows that some of the parent phase volume disappears. * Transformation reaches completion If growth Is allowed to proceed until the equilibrium fraction Is attained. Two types of Nucleation 1 . Homogeneous: nuclei of the new phase form uniformly throughout the parent phase. 2. Heterogeneous: nuclei form preferentially at structural inhomogeneous, such as container surfaces, grain boundaries, insolvable impurities, dislocations, etc. Homogeneous nucleation: solidification of a pure material, assume nuclei of solid phase form In the interior of the liquid phase.There are two contributions to the total free energy change AC that accompany a solidification transformation 1 . The volume free energy Agave – which is the difference in free energy between the solid and liquid phases. Agave will be negative if the temperature is below the equilibrium solidification temperature. The magnitude of its contribution is the product of Agave and the volume of the spherical nucleolus (4/ 3 aorta ) 2. Surface free energy y: energy comes from the formation of the solid-liquid phase boundary during the solidification transformation. Is postlude; the magnitude of this contribution Is the product of y ND the surface area of the nucleus (nor) * the total free energy change GAG Is equal to the sum of these two contributions: GAG=4/3 aorta GAG_v+rattrap y * In a physical sense, this means that as a solid particle begins to form as atoms in the liquid cluster together, its G first increases. If this cluster (embryo) reaches a size equal to the critical radius, r*, then growth will continue with the accompaniment of a decrease In LEG. An embryo with a radius greater than Is called a nucleus.A critical free energy occurs at the maximum of the curve, which corresponds to the activation energy needed for the formation of a stable nucleus. Critical radius of a stable solid particle nucleus: ) Activation free energy required for the formation of a stable nucleus: ) This volume fre e energy change is the driving force for the solidification transformation, its magnitude is a function of temperature. At the equilibrium solidification temperature (or melting temperature) Tm, Agave Is O, and with decreasing temp It becomes Increasingly more negative.Agave temperature decreases meaning, nucleation occurs more readily at temperature below Tm The number of stable nuclei n*(having r>r*) is a function of temperature as well: 1 ) changes in T have a greater effect on than on he denominator. As T is lowered below Tm the exponential term decreases such that the magnitude of n* increases *another important temperature dependent step in nucleation: the clustering of atoms during short range diffusion during the formation of nuclei. The influence of temp on the rate of diffusion: high temp increases diffusion.Diffusion is related to the frequency at which atoms from the liquid attach themselves to the solid nucleolus, VT. Thus, low temp results in a reduction in VT. The nuc leation rate N is the product of n* and VT Heterogeneous nucleation has a lower activation energy than homogeneous because he surface free energy is reduced when nuclei form on the surface of preexisting surfaces. Growth occurs by long range diffusion consequently, the growth rate G is determined by the rate of diffusion, and its temperature dependence is the same as the diffusion coefficient (recall chapter that diffusion increases as temperature increases).Most phase transformations require some finite time to go to completion, and the rate is important in the relationship between heat treatment and the development of macrostructure * for solid systems the rate is so slow that true equilibrium structures are rarely achieved, equilibrium is maintained only if heating and cooling are carried out at SLOW unpractical rates. *for other than equilibrium cooling Superimposing: cooling to below a phase transition temperature without the occurrence of the transformation Superannuating: hea ting to above a phase transition temperature without the occurrence of the transformation

Fashion as Communication Essay

For this week’s task I had to read a quite difficult extract from ‘Fashion as Communication’ by Malcolm Barnard about how fashion is regarded in today’s society, whether it is trivial or not and highlighting how important it is in today’s economy. The first idea exposed is that fashion is ‘fit only for the intellectually disenfranchised’, suggesting that everyone working in the fashion industry lacks intelligence. Having chosen to study Fashion Marketing I completely disagree with this statement, but I am fully aware of the prejudices held against it. When I decided to pursue this course I realized most people did not consider Fashion Marketing a serious career, but the truth is that it takes a lot of dedication and hard work to succeed in this industry and most people do not understand what it really entails. What struck me most was a quote from a letter in The Guardian’s Women’s page arguing that ‘fashion is irrelev ant to serious minded persons’. As Anna Wintour says in The September issue ‘Just because you like to put on a beautiful Carolina Herrera dress or a pair of J Brand blue jeans instead of something basic from K-Mart it doesn’t mean that you’re a dumb person’ and even if you make a choice that you think completely leaves you out of the fashion industry, you are nevertheless engaging with it. Fashion is a way of expressing yourself; people will judge you on what you are wearing so if you want to be seen as a ‘serious-minded person’ you will have to look like one, thus making fashion relevant. Barnard then goes on to present a counter argument by saying that ‘fashion seems to be inevitable, given the social and economic organization of most of the world’, which is true, fashion is everywhere, everyone is influenced by it and it hugely contributes to the global economy. In addition to this ‘fashion is a product of a society with more than one class in it where upward movement between classes is both possible and desirable’, there is a market for every level of the social structure, from value to luxury, which have been developed because the elite cannot wear the same as everybody else. Fashion is thus a way of claiming social status and it creates a social mobility that could not otherwise be accessed. Fashion is an industry based on creating a need where there is none and nowadays, due to the current recession, I can understand that fashion may not be people’s biggest concern. But we cannot qualify it as ‘trivial’ since we are surrounded by it; each new generation of customers is highly exposed to commercial influences. As I have seen through the text  this industry ‘covers increasingly large parts of the world’ and its role on today’s economic organization and modern culture is just too important to qualify fashion as ‘trivial’. In my opinion people despise it or mock it because they don’t understand it or feel excluded from this world. Barnard, M. (1996) Fashion as Communication 1st ed. Routledge pp 17-18

Diversity Plan PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diversity Plan - PowerPoint Presentation Example en looking for players or the sports leaders the sports management board should cast their nets wider in order to recruit people from different ethnic and cultural groups (Cunningham, 2011). The management board should also establish mean of encouraging the underrepresented groups to participate in sports. A campaign should be established to encourage all students to participate in different sports. Those who join the sports should not be discouraged. They should be trained and offered with moral support in order to like the games (Cunningham, 2011). The sports management team in the college should also create a sports culture that enables all students to be involved fully. The culture will enable each person to enjoy sports and join the games of their interest. In the college, there should be an environment that gives everybody an opportunity to compete, officiate, play, coach and volunteer in sports. Inter-ethnic competition should also be burned, and all students should play as a team regardless of the race (Cunningham,