Sunday, October 20, 2019
Useful Japanese Verbs
Useful Japanese Verbs There are two kinds of verbs in Japanese, (1) the be-verbs, da or desu, and (2) common verbs ending with the ~ u sound. As for the be-verbs (is, are, am), da is used for the informal present tense and desu is for the formal present tense. There is no grammatical subject-verb agreement in Japanese. Da is used for the present tense of the to be-verb (is, are, am) regardless of the person and number of the subject. For example, it is used in all of the following three situations like, I am a student (Watashi wa gakusei da), He is a student (Kare wa gakusei da) and We are students (Watashitachi wa gakusei da). Beside the be-verbs, all other verbs in Japanese end with the vowel ~ u. Japanese verbs conjugate according to the suffixes that is attached to the verb stem. Verb endings are changed to indicate past tense, negation, passive and causative mood. The rules for conjugation in Japanese verbs are simpler compared to some languages, such as English or French. The conjugation patterns are not affected by gender, a person (such as the first, second, and third person), or the number (singular and plural). Here is a list of the basic Japanese verbs and their pronunciation. I focus on the non-past tense in my list. It is the plain form that is used in informal situations. It is also the form listed in dictionaries. It is equivalent to both future and past tense in English. (there) is; be; havearuã âãââ¹ be (for living things)iruã âãââ¹ do; makesuruã â¢Ã£ââ¹ do; performokonauè ¡Å'ã â make; manufacturetsukuruä ½Å"ãââ¹ be possible; ready; good atdekiru㠧ã ãââ¹ beginhajimaruÃ¥ §â¹Ã£ ¾Ã£ââ¹ raiseââ¬â¹okosuè µ ·Ã£ âã ⢠continuetsuzukuç ¶Å¡Ã£ repeatkurikaesuç ¹ °Ã£âŠè ¿âã ⢠stoptomaruæ ¢Ã£ ¾Ã£ââ¹ give upyameruãââãâ ãââ¹ omithabukuçÅ" ã finishowaruç µâãâ ãââ¹ endsumuæ ¸Ëãâ⬠advance; progresssusumué⬠²Ã£â⬠be lateââ¬â¹okurerué â¦Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ increasefueruÃ¥ ¢â"ã Ëãââ¹ decreaseheruæ ¸âºÃ£ââ¹ be left over; have spareamaruä ½â¢Ã£ââ¹ remainnokoruæ ®â¹Ã£ââ¹ sufficetariruè ¶ ³Ã£âŠãââ¹ lack; be short ofkakeruæ ¬ ã âãââ¹ crosskosuè ¶Å ã ⢠goikuè ¡Å'ã comekuruæ ¥Ã£ââ¹ go outderuå⡠ºÃ£ââ¹ enterhairuå⦠¥Ã£ââ¹ take outdasuå⡠ºÃ£ ⢠put inireruå⦠¥Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ return; come backkaeruÃ¥ ¸ °Ã£ââ¹ asktazuneruã Ÿã šã ãââ¹ answerkotaeruç âã Ëãââ¹ mentionnoberuè ¿ °Ã£ ¹Ã£ââ¹ make noisesawagué ¨âã shinehikaruÃ¥â¦â°Ã£ââ¹ stand outmedatsuç⺠®Ã§ «â¹Ã£ ¤ appeararawareruç ¾Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ openakeruéâ"â¹Ã£ âãââ¹ closeshimeruéâ"â°Ã£â ãââ¹ giveageruã âã âãââ¹ receivemorauãââãââ°Ã£ â taketoruÃ¥ â"ãââ¹ catchââ¬â¹tsukamaeruæ â¢Ã£ ¾Ã£ Ëãââ¹ geteruÃ¥ ¾â"ãââ¹ loseushinauÃ¥ ¤ ±Ã£ â look forsagasuæŽ ¢Ã£ ⢠findmitsukeruè ¦â¹Ã£ ¤Ã£ âãââ¹ pick uphirouæ⹠¾Ã£ â throw awaysuteruæ ¨Ã£ ¦Ã£ââ¹ dropochiruè ½Ã£ ¡Ã£ââ¹ usetsukauä ½ ¿Ã£ â handle, treatatsukauæⰠ±Ã£ â carryhakobué â¹Ã£ ¶ hand overwatasuæ ¸ ¡Ã£ ⢠deliverkubarué⦠ãââ¹ returnkaesuè ¿âã ⢠approachyoruÃ¥ ¯âãââ¹ crosswataruæ ¸ ¡Ã£ââ¹ passtooruéâ¬Å¡Ã£ââ¹ hurryisoguæ⬠¥Ã£ run awaynigeruéâ¬Æ'ã âãââ¹ chaseouè ¿ ½Ã£ â hidekakureruéš ãâÅ'ãââ¹ lose ones waymayouè ¿ ·Ã£ â waitmatsuÃ¥ ¾â¦Ã£ ¤ moveutsuruç § »Ã£ââ¹ turn; facemukuÃ¥ âã riseagaruä ¸Å ã Å'ãââ¹ go downsagaruä ¸â¹Ã£ Å'ãââ¹ incline; leankatamukuå⠾ã shake; swayyureruæ ºÃ£âÅ'ãââ¹ fall downtaoreruÃ¥â¬âãâÅ'ãââ¹ hitataruÃ¥ ½âã Ÿãââ¹ collidebutsukaru㠶㠤ã â¹Ã£ââ¹ separate from; leavehanarerué⺠¢Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ meetauä ¼Å¡Ã£ â run into; meet by chancedeauå⡠ºÃ¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â welcomemukaeruè ¿Å½Ã£ Ëãââ¹ send offmiokuruè ¦â¹Ã©â¬ ãââ¹ take with; accompanytsureteikué⬠£Ã£âÅ'㠦è ¡Å'ã call; send foryobuå⠼ã ¶ pay; supply; put backosameruç ´ ãâ ãââ¹ put; leaveokuç ½ ®Ã£ line up; queuenarabuä ¸ ¦Ã£ ¶ settle; tidy upmatomeru㠾㠨ãâ ãââ¹ collectatsumaruéâºâ 㠾ãââ¹ dividewakeruÃ¥Ëâ ã âãââ¹ dispersechiruæ⢠£Ã£ââ¹ be disorderedmidareruä ¹ ±Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ be rough; stormyareruè âãâÅ'ãââ¹ extendhirogaruÃ¥ ºÆ'ã Å'ãââ¹ spreadhiromaruÃ¥ ºÆ'㠾ãââ¹ swell; inflatefukuramu㠵ã ãââ°Ã£â⬠attach; turn ontsukuä »Ëã go out; put out; erasekieruæ ¶Ëã Ëãââ¹ pile up; loadtsumuç © ãâ⬠pile upkasanerué⡠ã ãââ¹ press down; suppressosaeru押ã Ëãââ¹ place (thing) betweenhasamu㠯ã â¢Ã£â⬠stick; paste onharuè ² ¼Ã£ââ¹ put togetherawaseruÃ¥ Ëãâ ã âºÃ£ââ¹ bendmagaruæ⺠²Ã£ Å'ãââ¹ break; snaporuæŠËãââ¹ be torn; tearyabureruç ´Ã£âÅ'ãââ¹ break; destroykowareruÃ¥ £Å ãâÅ'ãââ¹ get well; correctnaoruç⺠´Ã£ââ¹ tiemusubuç µ ã ¶ bind; tieshibaruç ¸âºÃ£ââ¹ wind; coilmakuÃ¥ · »Ã£ surroundkakomuå⺠²Ã£â⬠turn; rotatemawaruÃ¥âºÅ¾Ã£ââ¹ hangkakeruæŽâºÃ£ âãââ¹ decoratekazarué £ ¾Ã£ââ¹ take out; outstripnukuæŠÅ"ã be disconnected; come offhazureru㠯ã šãâÅ'ãââ¹ become slack; loosenyurumuãââ ãââ¹Ã£â⬠leakmoreruãââãâÅ'ãââ¹ dryhosuÃ¥ ¹ ²Ã£ ⢠be soakedhitasuæ µ ¸Ã£ ⢠mixmajiruæ · ·Ã£ Ëãââ¹ extend; stretchnobiruä ¼ ¸Ã£ ³Ã£ââ¹ shrink; shortenchijimuç ¸ ®Ã£â⬠include; containfukumuÃ¥ «Ã£â⬠want; neediruã âãââ¹ ask for; wantmotomeruæ ±âãâ ãââ¹ show; indicateshimesuç ¤ ºÃ£ ⢠examine; investigateshiraberuè ª ¿Ã£ ¹Ã£ââ¹ make suretashikameruç ¢ ºÃ£ â¹Ã£â ãââ¹ recognize; approvemitomeruè ª ãâ ãââ¹
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